Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a systemic clotting and bleeding emergency triggered by severe underlying disease. It needs aggressive treatment of the cause plus anticoagulants and factor replacement; prevention is early care of the trigger.
Congenital Coagulation Disorders in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Congenital coagulation disorders are inherited or acquired clotting-factor deficiencies causing spontaneous and post-surgical bleeding. Care replaces factors via transfusion and vitamin K; prevention relies on genetic screening and avoiding carriers.
Lymphangitis and Lymphadenitis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis are lymph-vessel and node inflammations from infection, immune disease, or tumors, with location-specific swelling and systemic signs. Care targets the cause with antimicrobials or oncology; parasite control aids prevention.
Omphalitis (Umbilical Infection) in Dogs and Cats
Omphalitis is a bacterial infection of the umbilical stump in newborn puppies and kittens, causing inflammation, discharge, and sometimes tissue death. Left untreated it can spread through the body and become life-threatening. Good hygiene at birth and prompt veterinary care prevent serious complications.
Agalactia in Dogs and Cats
Agalactia in dogs and cats is insufficient or absent milk after birth, leaving puppies or kittens hungry and at risk of starvation as they bite the mother raw. It is managed by better nutrition, treating the cause, and medication to stimulate let-down.
Mastitis in Dogs and Cats
Mastitis in dogs and cats is acute or chronic mammary gland inflammation from infection, often during lactation or from hormonal imbalance in older pets. Signs include red, swollen, painful glands and fever; prompt antimicrobial care avoids gland loss.
Postpartum Eclampsia in Dogs and Cats
Postpartum eclampsia (milk fever) is low blood calcium in nursing mothers causing whole-body tetany, usually two to four weeks after birth in small or large-litter females. It is an emergency treated by correcting calcium and calming seizures.
Postpartum Septicemia in Dogs and Cats
Postpartum septicemia in dogs and cats is systemic infection from severe uterine or vaginal infection after birth, often from a dirty environment or retained placenta. Signs include anorexia and rapid fever above 40 C with cold skin; urgent antimicrobial and supportive care is required.
Retained Placenta in Dogs and Cats
Retained placenta in dogs and cats is failure to expel the afterbirth within the normal time after birth. Beyond a day it causes acute endometritis and within two days can progress to septicemia and death; medical, surgical, or supportive care is needed.
Dystocia in Dogs and Cats
Dystocia in dogs and cats is difficult or impossible natural delivery, often when a puppy or kitten is not passed after about one hour of strong labor. Small breeds and calcium-deficient mothers are at higher risk and need timely surgical assistance.
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