Hematomas in Dogs and Cats
A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the vessels, usually from a blunt impact that ruptures small vessels under intact skin. It appears as a rapid, non-painful swelling. Prompt pressure bandaging and, when large, veterinary drainage prevent infection and tissue damage.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when pets breathe gas from faulty heaters, car exhaust, or confined smoke. It binds to blood and starves tissues of oxygen, causing vomiting, weakness, bright-red gums, seizures, and coma. Move the pet to fresh air and get veterinary help at once.
Sulfonamide Antibiotic Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Sulfonamide poisoning in dogs and cats follows overdose or allergy, causing nervous signs, urinary crystalluria and blood-cell disorders such as anaemia and low white cells. Care stops the drug, flushes and alkalinises the urine and supports the blood.
Nitrite Poisoning (Methemoglobinaemia) in Dogs and Cats
Nitrite poisoning in dogs and cats converts haemoglobin to methaemoglobin, causing tissue hypoxia with cyanosis, seizures and rapid death. The specific antidote methylene blue restores oxygen transport, with oxygen and supportive care.
Onion Poisoning (Heinz Body Anaemia) in Dogs and Cats
Onion poisoning in dogs and cats oxidises red blood cells, forming Heinz bodies and causing haemolytic anaemia with red-brown urine. Stopping onion intake lets mild cases recover, while severe anaemia needs transfusion and supportive care.
Warfarin (Anticoagulant Rodenticide) Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Warfarin poisoning in dogs and cats is an anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity that blocks vitamin K, causing internal bleeding, sudden death and easy bruising. Treatment uses vitamin K1 and, when severely anaemic, blood transfusion, with strict rest.
Diphacinone (Rodenticide Anticoagulant) Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Diphacinone poisoning in dogs and cats is an anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity that blocks vitamin K, causing spontaneous internal bleeding and sudden death. Treatment uses vitamin K1 and, in severe anaemia, blood transfusion, with strict rest to avoid haemorrhage.
Iron Metabolism Disorders in Dogs and Cats
Iron metabolism disorders in dogs and cats include iron deficiency, microcytic hypochromic anemia with weakness and poor endurance, and iron overload from excess intake or poisoning, causing gut signs and acidosis. Deficiency is corrected with dietary iron and treatment of blood loss or parasites.
Folate (Folic Acid) Deficiency in Dogs and Cats
Folate deficiency in dogs and cats impairs nucleic acid synthesis, causing megaloblastic anemia, poor appetite, diarrhea, and skin or mouth inflammation. It arises from low-protein or overcooked diets, gut disease, or high demand in pregnancy, and is corrected with folate and good nutrition.
Vitamin K Deficiency in Dogs and Cats
Vitamin K deficiency in dogs and cats impairs clotting-factor synthesis, causing prolonged bleeding time, subcutaneous and body-cavity hemorrhage, and anemia. It arises from malabsorption, long-term antibiotics, or certain poisons, and is treated with vitamin K and management of the underlying cause.
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