Chondrosarcomas in Dogs and Cats
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilage tumor, the second most common bone cancer, favoring flat bones like ribs, nasal bones, and pelvis and seen more in German Shepherds. Surgery is the treatment with a guarded prognosis, plus follow-up anti-cancer medication.
Chondromas in Dogs and Cats
Chondromas are benign cartilage tumors of dogs and cats attached to long bones, ribs, pelvis, and sternum, usually causing no signs. They need no treatment unless swollen or pressing on a nerve, when surgery is considered.
Osteosarcomas in Dogs and Cats
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor of osteoblasts most common in large and giant dog breeds, causing lameness, swelling, pain, and possible fracture. Early limb amputation with follow-up anti-cancer medication is standard, but the outlook is poor with frequent lung spread.
Osteomas in Dogs and Cats
Osteomas are benign bone tumors of dogs and cats linked to exostoses, injury, or inflammation, usually causing no signs unless they compress nearby structures. They are removed surgically when possible, with amputation for malignant limb forms, and carry a poor outlook if lung spread occurs.
Torticollis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Torticollis is a head tilt or twist from neck-muscle spasm or paralysis, cervical rheumatism, vertebral dislocation or fracture, neuritis, or ear infection, often after trauma or a tight collar. Care targets the cause with rest, pain relief, and cervical stabilization for fractures.
Degenerative Arthritis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Degenerative arthritis is non-suppurative cartilage wear from years of uneven loading, common in older pets. It causes pain, stiffness, limited motion, and lameness worse with activity and cold; weight control, exercise, pain relief, and surgery manage it.
Suppurative Arthritis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Suppurative arthritis is bacterial infection of a joint, hematogenous or from a wound, causing hot painful swelling, fever, and lameness. Prompt drainage and antibiotics save the joint; untreated it can rupture through the skin and spread.
Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Multiple cartilaginous exostoses are benign bony outgrowths on the spine, ribs, and long bones of young dogs and cats, possibly inherited. They are painless until they compress a tendon, vessel, or nerve, causing lameness or incoordination; symptomatic ones are removed surgically.
Hypertrophic Osteopathy in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Hypertrophic osteopathy is a secondary bone and joint disorder from underlying lung disease, marked by symmetric hard distal-limb swelling and lameness from periosteal proliferation. Seen mainly in older dogs, it improves only when the primary chest disease is treated.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic immune-mediated erosive polyarthritis of small breeds, causing recurring lameness, stiff swollen joints, fever, and eventual deformity. Treatment relieves pain and controls inflammation with NSAIDs or corticosteroids.
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