Osteosarcomas in Dogs and Cats
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor of osteoblasts most common in large and giant dog breeds, causing lameness, swelling, pain, and possible fracture. Early limb amputation with follow-up anti-cancer medication is standard, but the outlook is poor with frequent lung spread.
Osteomas in Dogs and Cats
Osteomas are benign bone tumors of dogs and cats linked to exostoses, injury, or inflammation, usually causing no signs unless they compress nearby structures. They are removed surgically when possible, with amputation for malignant limb forms, and carry a poor outlook if lung spread occurs.
Mammary Tumors in Dogs and Cats
Mammary tumors are common in intact female dogs and the third most common feline tumor, appearing as firm nodules that can ulcerate and spread to lymph nodes and lungs. Early spaying is strongly protective, and surgical removal with ovariohysterectomy is the main treatment.
Cutaneous Fibromas in Dogs and Cats
Cutaneous fibromas are benign, often trauma-related skin tumors of dogs and cats that are well-defined, hairless, and rarely ulcerate. Small ones may be left alone, while surgical removal cures most, with follow-up anti-cancer medication if recurrence is a concern.
Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs and Cats
Cutaneous mast cell tumors of dogs and cats appear anywhere on the skin, often as varying soft or hard lumps that may ulcerate. They are diagnosed by biopsy and treated with wide surgical removal plus follow-up anti-cancer medication; some may be hereditary.
Fibrosarcomas in Dogs and Cats
Fibrosarcoma is a malignant fibrous tumor and the second most common oral tumor in dogs, often arising in skull or long bones, firm, invasive, and bleed-prone. It is treated by surgical removal with follow-up anti-cancer medication, and can be confused with infection.
Papillomas in Dogs and Cats
Papillomas are benign, virus-related warts that are common epidermal tumors of dogs and rare in cats, appearing as cauliflower-like growths that may bleed. Many regress untreated, while persistent ones are removed surgically or by freezing.
Melanomas in Dogs and Cats
Melanomas are pigmented tumors of dogs and cats that may be benign or malignant, favoring the mouth, eyes, rectum, and perineum. Wide surgical removal is used, but malignant melanosarcomas spread readily and carry a poor prognosis.
Perianal Adenomas in Dogs
Perianal adenomas are benign, often multiple anal-gland tumors of dogs linked to male hormones, which can ulcerate or become infected. They are removed surgically or by freezing, usually with castration, and malignant forms need follow-up anti-cancer medication.
Lipomas and Liposarcomas in Dogs and Cats
Lipomas are common, benign fatty tumors that grow slowly under the skin and rarely cause signs, while liposarcomas are the malignant, invasive form. Solid lumps are removed surgically and weight control supports recovery.
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