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Canine and Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive, invasive tumor of the mouth lining in older dogs and cats, usually appearing as a firm, ulcerated white mass on the gums, tongue, or palate. Treatment options are limited and the prognosis is generally poor.

Canine and Feline Infectious Oral Papillomatosis
Infectious oral papillomatosis is a benign viral wart of the mouth caused by a papillomavirus and spread by direct contact, mainly in young dogs. The growths usually regress on their own within a few weeks, though large numbers can interfere with eating.

Canine and Feline Otitis Externa
Otitis externa is inflammation of the outer ear canal, commonly triggered by ear mites, foreign material, or improper cleaning that lets bacteria or fungi take hold. Treatment means cleaning the canal and tackling the underlying cause, with surgery reserved for chronic, end-stage cases.

Canine and Feline Aural Hematoma
An aural hematoma is a pocket of blood that forms between the skin and cartilage of the ear flap, usually triggered by vigorous head shaking or scratching. Small collections may be drained, but most require surgery to prevent a permanently scarred, thickened ear.

Canine and Feline Globe Prolapse (Eye Protrusion)
Globe prolapse occurs when the eye is forced out of the socket, most often from fighting or blunt trauma and especially in short-nosed breeds. Prompt replacement offers the best chance of saving the eye; badly damaged or infected globes may require surgical removal.

Canine and Feline Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (Epiphora)
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction blocks normal tear drainage in dogs and cats, causing chronic epiphora (tear overflow) and facial staining. Congenital duct atresia usually needs surgical correction, while acquired obstruction from conjunctivitis or injury is managed by treating the underlying cause.

Canine and Feline Glaucoma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Glaucoma is raised pressure inside the eye of dogs and cats from blocked fluid drainage, damaging the retina and optic nerve and risking blindness. It is managed with pressure-lowering drugs and, sometimes, surgery.

Canine and Feline Keratitis: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea in dogs and cats from trauma, microbes, or chemicals, causing pain, cloudiness, and ulcers that can threaten sight. Prompt care protects the cornea and preserves vision.

Canine and Feline Conjunctivitis: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva in dogs and cats from irritation, infection, allergy, or nearby disease, causing redness, discharge, and light sensitivity. Treatment controls infection and soothes the eye.

Canine and Feline Cherry Eye (Third Eyelid Gland Prolapse): Symptoms, Treatment, and Care
Cherry eye is the prolapse of the third eyelid gland in dogs and cats, appearing as a pink mass at the inner corner of the eye. Mild inflammatory cases settle with drops, but surgery is often needed to replace the gland.