What Is Canine Methemoglobinemia

Familial methemoglobinemia is an inherited defect in the enzyme that converts methemoglobin back to normal hemoglobin, so a dog's blood carries less oxygen. The hallmark is a persistent bluish discoloration of the gums and chocolate-brown blood. Most affected dogs live for years with few signs, but oxidant exposure can turn it dangerous.

What Is Canine Hemophilia A

Hemophilia A, also called factor VIII deficiency, is an inherited bleeding disorder in dogs. Affected dogs lack the clotting protein factor VIII, so they bleed easily and cannot form clots normally. It is X-linked recessive, mostly affects males, and currently has no cure, only lifelong management with clotting-factor replacement.