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1889 results for “male female”
Abortion in Dogs and Cats
Abortion in dogs and cats is interruption of pregnancy from fetal or maternal abnormality, infection, or trauma. It ranges from threatened and hidden loss to premature live pups, dead pups, or retained mummies; treatment protects the mother and prevents endometritis or septicemia.
False Pregnancy in Dogs and Cats
False pregnancy is a hormone-driven syndrome in which an unbred female shows pregnancy-like signs such as nesting, lactation, and behavior change. Mild cases resolve on their own, but pyometra must be ruled out; hormone therapy or spaying helps recurring cases.
Ovarian Cysts in Dogs and Cats
Ovarian cysts in dogs and cats arise from unruptured follicles or corpora lutea due to endocrine imbalance. Follicular cysts cause constant estrus and excitability, while luteal cysts cause prolonged anestrus; medical therapy is tried first, with ovariectomy if it fails.
Uterine Torsion in Dogs and Cats
Uterine torsion is twisting of the pregnant uterus around its own axis, usually just before parturition. Affected animals are lethargic, vomit, refuse food, and have dark red eye membranes; surgical untwisting or cesarean and, if the uterus is damaged, ovariohysterectomy are needed.
Pyometra in Dogs and Cats
Pyometra is accumulation of pus in the uterus with proliferative endometrial inflammation in dogs and cats, causing lethargy, poor appetite, and often increased drinking and urination. Ovarian hysterectomy is the definitive cure, with medical therapy as an alternative in selected cases.
Endometritis in Dogs and Cats
Endometritis is acute or chronic bacterial inflammation of the uterine lining in dogs and cats, usually after whelping or parturition. Signs include abnormal estrus, lethargy, poor appetite, and uterine discharge; treatment reduces inflammation and restores uterine function, with hysterectomy when needed.
Vaginal Prolapse in Dogs
Vaginal prolapse is eversion and protrusion of the vaginal wall through the vulva, most often in proestrus or estrus females. It is often reducible, but prolapse during pregnancy can cause difficult labor and may require cesarean section to save the mother.
Vaginal Hyperplasia in Dogs
Vaginal hyperplasia is a proliferative swelling of the vaginal wall in female dogs, usually during estrus, driven by excess estrogen response. Small masses often resolve after estrus, but protruding masses that are abraded or infected require surgical removal.
Vulvitis and Vaginitis in Dogs and Cats
Vulvitis and vaginitis are bacterial inflammations of the vulva or vaginal mucosa in female dogs and cats. Signs are similar and include itching, redness, swelling, and inflammatory discharge; treatment focuses on cleaning and veterinary-directed antibiotics and is usually not life-threatening.
Inguinal and Scrotal Hernia in Dogs and Cats
An inguinal or scrotal hernia is abdominal contents pushing through the groin into the scrotal sac, most often in young male dogs with small intestine as the common content. The swelling is usually soft and reducible, but the narrow ring can trap the bowel and cause fatal shock if not repaired.