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Cardiac Arrhythmia in Dogs and Cats
Cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm from a fault in the heart's pacing or conduction, showing as an irregular pulse and heart sound. Some forms are harmless, while others cause weakness, collapse, or sudden death. Treatment targets the underlying disease plus rhythm control.
Nephrotic Syndrome in Dogs and Cats
Nephrotic syndrome is a non-inflammatory kidney disorder centered on the filtering units, marked by protein in the urine, edema, low blood protein, and high blood lipids. Management improves nutrition, reduces fluid buildup, and controls inflammation and the immune reaction.
Glomerulonephritis in Dogs and Cats
Glomerulonephritis is immune-mediated inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, often following infection or toxicity, causing fever, vomiting, kidney pain, and later blood in the urine or edema. Veterinary care controls inflammation and protects kidney function before uremia develops.
Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs and Cats
Chronic renal failure is the slow, often permanent loss of kidney function from long-term kidney damage, such as after acute renal failure, glomerulonephritis, or urinary stones. It brings progressive dehydration, weakness, and heart strain, and needs lifelong fluid, diet, and monitoring support.
Acute Renal Failure in Dogs and Cats
Acute renal failure is a sudden loss of kidney function from many possible toxic or internal insults, passing through a low-output phase, a high-output phase, and recovery. Many animals die during the high-output phase, so treatment focuses on fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition while the kidneys heal.
Bladder Rupture in Dogs and Cats
Bladder rupture is a tear in the bladder wall, usually from trauma or severe lower-urinary-tract disease, that lets urine spill into the abdomen. It causes abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and rapid breathing, and can rapidly lead to peritonitis and uremia without surgery.
Bladder Paralysis (Atony) in Dogs and Cats
Bladder paralysis is loss of normal bladder contraction, usually from a urethral blockage, bladder spasm, or spinal or brain injury, so urine pools and cannot be expelled. Signs range from frequent dribbling to silent, involuntary leakage. Veterinary care and assisted emptying prevent a dangerously overfull bladder.
Bladder Spasm in Dogs and Cats
Bladder spasm is a non-inflammatory, cramp-like contraction of the bladder muscle or sphincter that disrupts normal urination. It is often triggered by stones or clots irritating the bladder. Relieving the underlying cause and calming the spasm restores normal voiding.
Cystitis in Dogs and Cats
Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder lining, usually from bacterial infection, causing painful, frequent urination with cloudy or blood-tinged urine. It is most common in female dogs and cats. Most cases respond well to antibiotics and supportive care, but a deep infection can become systemic.
Urethral Stenosis and Obstruction in Dogs and Cats
Urethral stenosis and obstruction occur when the urethra narrows or becomes blocked, preventing normal urination. Male dogs and cats are most at risk. A complete blockage is an emergency that can lead to bladder rupture, peritonitis, kidney failure, or uremia if not treated immediately.