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Ventricular Septal Defect in Dogs and Cats
Ventricular septal defect is a congenital hole in the wall between the heart's lower chambers, with a clear hereditary tendency. Signs include slow growth, easy fatigue, cough, and breathlessness, and severe cases shorten life. Treatment improves heart function and prevents secondary infection.
Atrial Septal Defect in Dogs and Cats
Atrial septal defect is a congenital hole in the wall between the heart's upper chambers, often inherited, causing poor exercise tolerance, weakness, and breathlessness. Severe cases progress to right-sided heart failure. Surgical repair is the definitive treatment.
Sinus Tachycardia and Bradycardia in Dogs and Cats
Sinus tachycardia is a faster-than-normal but regular heart rhythm, common in newborn puppies and kittens and usually harmless on its own. Sinus bradycardia is a slow rhythm from hypothyroidism, toxicity, or low potassium. Both are managed by treating the underlying cause.
Cardiac Arrhythmia in Dogs and Cats
Cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm from a fault in the heart's pacing or conduction, showing as an irregular pulse and heart sound. Some forms are harmless, while others cause weakness, collapse, or sudden death. Treatment targets the underlying disease plus rhythm control.
Hydronephrosis in Dogs and Cats
Hydronephrosis is the buildup of urine in the kidney's collecting area when outflow is blocked, affecting one or both kidneys. Bilateral cases cause kidney failure and uremia, and trapped fluid can turn to pus if infected. Restoring urine flow early protects kidney function.
Bladder Rupture in Dogs and Cats
Bladder rupture is a tear in the bladder wall, usually from trauma or severe lower-urinary-tract disease, that lets urine spill into the abdomen. It causes abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and rapid breathing, and can rapidly lead to peritonitis and uremia without surgery.
Bladder Spasm in Dogs and Cats
Bladder spasm is a non-inflammatory, cramp-like contraction of the bladder muscle or sphincter that disrupts normal urination. It is often triggered by stones or clots irritating the bladder. Relieving the underlying cause and calming the spasm restores normal voiding.
Postpartum Eclampsia in Dogs and Cats
Postpartum eclampsia, or milk fever, is low blood calcium in nursing mothers that causes whole-body tetany, usually two to four weeks after birth in small or large-litter females. It is an emergency treated by correcting calcium and calming seizures; without care it can be fatal in one to two days.
Abortion in Dogs and Cats
Abortion in dogs and cats is interruption of pregnancy from fetal or maternal abnormality, infection, or trauma. It ranges from threatened and hidden loss to premature live pups, dead pups, or retained mummies; treatment protects the mother and prevents endometritis or septicemia.
False Pregnancy in Dogs and Cats
False pregnancy is a hormone-driven syndrome in which an unbred female shows pregnancy-like signs such as nesting, lactation, and behavior change. Mild cases resolve on their own, but pyometra must be ruled out; hormone therapy or spaying helps recurring cases.