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Endocarditis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Endocarditis is infection or inflammation of the heart valves and inner lining, usually from bacteria, viruses, heartworm, or fungi spreading through the bloodstream. Affected pets lose appetite, tire easily, cough, and may develop heart failure if untreated.
Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, usually secondary to infection, parasites, toxins, or metabolic disease. It raises myocardial excitability and weakens contraction, and severe cases can cause collapse or sudden death, so prompt veterinary care is essential.
Cor Pulmonale in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart disease) is right-sided heart failure driven by high pressure in the pulmonary arteries, usually from chronic lung disease, heartworm, or chest-wall disorders. Signs include cough, labored breathing, and fluid buildup, and treatment must target the underlying cause.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart-muscle disorder in which the ventricular chambers enlarge and weaken, leading to poor pumping, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias. Large and middle-sized breeds are most at risk, and signs include weakness, coughing, abdominal swelling, and fainting.
Tetralogy of Fallot in Dogs and Cats
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect combining four abnormalities that lower blood oxygen. Affected pets are stunted, blue-tinged, and prone to breathless spells. Care focuses on oxygen, limited activity, and surgical repair.
Aortic Stenosis in Dogs and Cats
Aortic stenosis is a congenital narrowing of the heart's main outflow valve, most common in dogs such as shepherds and boxers. Mild cases are silent; moderate ones bring cough, exercise breathlessness, and sudden collapse. Treatment limits activity and prevents secondary infection.
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis in Dogs
Pulmonary valve stenosis is a common congenital narrowing of the heart's right-side outflow valve, causing exercise intolerance, breathlessness, and fluid buildup in severe cases. Surgical repair is the definitive treatment, with supportive care for heart failure.
Persistent Right Aortic Arch in Dogs
Persistent right aortic arch is a congenital blood-vessel defect in which an embryonic arch presses on the esophagus and blocks passage of solid food. Affected puppies are hungry but regurgitate after eating. Early surgery relieves the obstruction.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs
Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital vessel that stays open after birth, letting blood short-circuit in the heart. It is common in several dog breeds and can cause poor growth, fluid buildup, and breathlessness. Surgical ligation is the definitive cure.
Ventricular Septal Defect in Dogs and Cats
Ventricular septal defect is a congenital hole in the wall between the heart's lower chambers, with a clear hereditary tendency. Signs include slow growth, easy fatigue, cough, and breathlessness, and severe cases shorten life. Treatment improves heart function and prevents secondary infection.