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Cryptococcosis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
The Cryptococcus genus includes 17 species; only Cryptococcus neoformans and its varieties are pathogenic. C. neoformans almost always invades via the lungs; about 90% of lesions stay in the lungs and 10% disseminate through the blood to other organs.
Coccidioidomycosis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Coccidioidomycosis, also called coccidioidal granuloma, is caused by Coccidioides immitis. It usually presents as an acute, benign, asymptomatic, or self-limiting primary respiratory infection, occasionally disseminating to form focal lesions in skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, bone, liver, kidney, meninges, brain, or other tissues.
Sporotrichosis (Cutaneous Fungal Infection) in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Sporotrichosis is a chronic infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and adjacent lymphatic system caused by Sporothrix schenckii. It produces hair-loss patches with exudate, scales, and crusts, and is marked by itching and a tendency to become chronic.
Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Dermatophytosis is infection by keratin-loving dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton) that invade the skin, hair, and nails of people and animals; it is commonly called 'ringworm.'
Nocardiosis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Nocardiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Nocardia, mostly subacute or chronic suppurative, occasionally granulomatous. The bacteria enter through the respiratory, traumatic, or digestive routes and disseminate through lymph and blood to the whole body.
Actinomycosis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces. Lesions favor the face, neck, chest, and abdomen, spreading to surrounding tissue to form fistulas that drain pus containing sulfur granules. High-dose, long-course penicillin works for most cases; surgery to drain abscesses and remove fistulas is also needed. It is not contagious.
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum Toxin) in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Botulism is a poisoning disease caused by ingesting the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum in spoiled animal carcasses or feed. It is marked by paralysis of the motor and bulbar nerves.
Tetanus in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Tetanus is a specific infection caused by Clostridium tetani entering through skin or mucosal wounds, multiplying in low-oxygen conditions, and producing a toxin that causes muscle spasms. Because dogs and cats resist the toxin relatively well, localized tetanus is more common, showing rigidity and spasms in the limb near the wound.
Tuberculosis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterium can invade many organs but mainly the lungs (pulmonary TB). The clinical signs and treatment of TB in dogs and cats are described below.
Necrobacillosis in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Necrobacillosis is a chronic, sporadic infectious disease of livestock and pets caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, marked by necrosis of the hooves, subcutaneous tissue, or digestive-tract mucosa. It can spread to internal organs (liver, lungs) forming necrotic foci, and sometimes causes oral or mammary necrosis.