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Barbiturate Drug Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Barbiturates used for sedation, sleep or seizure control can depress the brain and heart when overdosed, causing drowsiness, low blood pressure and, severely, coma and breathing failure. Removing the drug and a specific antagonist are the main steps.
Atropine-Class Drug Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Atropine-class (antimuscarinic) drugs used as spasmolytics or eye drops can poison pets through overdose, causing dry mouth, excitement, dilated pupils, gut stasis and, severely, coma and breathing failure. A muscarinic agonist antidote reverses it.
Nitrite Poisoning (Methemoglobinaemia) in Dogs and Cats
Nitrites convert red blood cells' oxygen-carrying pigment into methaemoglobin, so tissues are starved of oxygen. Poisoned pets turn blue, seize and can die within minutes; a specific dye antidote reverses it.
Salt Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Eating too much common salt irritates the gut and over-excites the brain, causing restlessness, muscle tremor, thirst, little urine and dehydration; severe cases can be fatal. Fresh water and careful correction of electrolytes are the mainstay.
Food Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Food poisoning occurs when pets eat spoiled food whose bacteria have produced toxins. Signs are depression, vomiting, diarrhoea and a swollen abdomen, and severe cases can die within half a day without prompt care.
Onion Poisoning (Heinz Body Anaemia) in Dogs and Cats
Onions and related alliums oxidise red blood cells in dogs and cats, forming Heinz bodies and causing haemolytic anaemia with red-brown urine. Mild cases recover once onions are stopped; severe cases need transfusion.
Lead Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Lead is a heavy metal that most often poisons young pets after they chew paint, batteries or contaminated water. It causes nervous signs such as seizures, aggression and incoordination, plus anaemia and urinary irritation.
Warfarin (Anticoagulant Rodenticide) Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Warfarin is an anticoagulant rodenticide that blocks vitamin K, so poisoned pets bleed internally and may die suddenly or bruise easily. Vitamin K1 and, in severe cases, transfusion are the core treatments.
Sodium Fluoroacetate Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Sodium fluoroacetate is a deadly rodenticide that, like fluoroacetamide, blocks cellular energy production and strikes the brain and heart. Signs include vomiting, incoordination, wild running, seizures and rapid death.
Fluoroacetamide Poisoning in Dogs and Cats
Fluoroacetamide is a highly toxic rodenticide that blocks the citric-acid cycle, hitting the brain and heart hardest. Poisoned pets vomit, lose control of bladder and bowels, then convulse and may die within minutes to hours.