Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough): Symptoms and Treatment

1 Symptoms

The main sign is a sudden cough of varying frequency and intensity, sometimes bringing up phlegm, with possible fever or reduced appetite. The cough comes from irritation of the trachea and bronchi. Most dogs recover 3 to 7 days after the cough begins; those with higher rectal temperatures often recover faster. The disease is generally confined to the airways, though rare reports note intestinal involvement with diarrhea. Most infections are mild or show no obvious signs.

2 Causes and Transmission

Kennel cough is usually a mixed infection involving parainfluenza virus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and other respiratory agents. It spreads through airborne droplets and contaminated surfaces in places where dogs gather – kennels, shelters, dog parks, and grooming facilities.

3 Diagnosis

Diagnosis is clinical, based on the characteristic cough and exposure history. PCR panels from respiratory swabs identify the specific agents.

4 Treatment

The principle is to prevent secondary infection:

Antibiotics (ampicillin, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin) are used when a secondary bacterial infection is suspected.

Interferon may be used as supportive therapy.

Cough suppressants and rest ease discomfort. Keep the dog in a calm, humidified environment.

Isolate the dog from others until the cough resolves.

5 Prevention

Vaccination against Bordetella, parainfluenza, and adenovirus (the kennel-cough components) is highly effective for at-risk dogs. Avoid crowded dog settings during outbreaks, disinfect shared equipment, and discuss the appropriate vaccine schedule with your veterinarian.