Tibial and Fibular Nerve Paralysis in Dogs and Cats

1 Symptoms

Tibial nerve paralysis: at stand the hock, fetlock, and coronal joints are flexed, the limb steps slightly forward and bears weight. In motion the limb can still lift but joints over-flex and the paw lifts too high, then strikes the ground rapidly (lightly tapping). A fast gait is impossible; the hind-thigh and lower-leg muscles are flaccid then atrophy.

Fibular nerve paralysis: complete paralysis drops the limb, over-flexes the hock, and contacts ground with the front of the paw, the limb seeming longer; passively extending the digit still bears weight, but in motion the fetlock and coronal joints re-flex. In motion, because the digit cannot extend, the paw front drags; retreating, the flexed fetlock straightens and the heel contacts ground, dragging backward.

Palpation: the flexor of the hock and extensor of the digit are flaccid, sometimes with loss of sensation on the front-outer lower leg, lost reflexes in the fibular territory, and muscle atrophy. Incomplete paralysis is milder.

2 Causes and Transmission

Trauma, stretch, or compression of the sciatic branches (tibial or fibular). It is not contagious.

3 Diagnosis

A neurological examination localizes the tibial versus fibular nerve and the degree of paralysis. Imaging checks for pelvic or hip injury.

Other hind-limb nerve injuries should be ruled out.

4 Treatment

Acupuncture and massage stimulate nerves and circulation; analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication may relieve pain. B-vitamin support aids nerve recovery.

Assisted exercise preserves muscle; severe cases need veterinary evaluation.

5 Prevention

Prevent pelvic and hind-limb trauma. Early rehabilitation supports recovery.